ABBREVIATIONS


The following standardized linguistic abbreviations are employed 
in JSL, and, starting with volume 4, will no longer be 
noted in individual articles, where many of them are repeated 
again and again. No such list can be exhaustive, of course, and 
other abbreviations may be introduced freely for the purposes of a 
particular article, where they will be noted; authors may also 
alter standard abbreviations if necessary (including possible 
capitalization). These abbreviations are used both in glosses and 
in running text, although we do not insist upon maximum use of 
abbreviations in text. Periods are not used with these 
abbreviations (except when they separate individual grammatical 
labels in a gloss). Periods are retained for various non-technical 
abbreviations, such as etc., e.g., i.e., v., and so forth.

George Fowler
Editor-in-Chief

COMMON GRAMMATICAL TERMS AND OTHER ESSENTIALS

1st     first
2nd     second
3rd     third
acc     accusative
adj     adjective
adv     adverb
agr     agreement
anim    animate
aor     aorist
arg     argument
asp     aspect
conj    conjugation
dat     dative
decl    declension
dial    dialectal
emph    emphasis
erg     ergative
ex      example
fem     feminine
fig     figure
fn      footnote
foc     focus
fut     future
gen     genitive
ger     gerund
imper   imperative
impf    imperfective
inanim  inanimate
inf     infinitive
inst    instrumental
int     interrogative
loc     locative
masc    masculine
n       noun
neg     negation
nom     nominative
neut    neuter
obl     oblique
pass    passive
pf      perfective
pl      plural
ppp     past passive participle
pres    present
prep    prepositional
prt     participle
refl    reflexive
sg      singular
sup     supine
top     topic
unacc   unaccusative
v       verb
voc     vocative

LANGUAGES AND LANGUAGE FAMILIES

Alb     Albanian
Amer    American
Ar      Arabic
Arm     Armenian
Bal     Baltic
Bg      Bulgarian
Br      Belorusian
Brit    British
BSl     Balto-Slavic
CollR   Colloquial Russian
Cr      Croatian
CSl     Common Slavic
CSR     Contemporary Standard Russian
Cz      Czech
ECSl    Early Common Slavic
Eng     English
ESl     East Slavic
Fr      French
Ger     German
Gk      Greek
Goth    Gothic
Hung    Hungarian
IE      Indo-European
Ir      Irish
It      Italian
Lat     Latin
Latv    Latvian
LCSl    Late Common Slavic
Lith    Lithuanian
LS      Lower Sorbian
Mac     Macedonian
MCz     Middle Czech
NR      North Russian
OCS     Old Church Slav[on]ic
OCz     Old Czech
OPol    Old Polish
OR      Old Russian
Pb      Polabian
Pol     Polish
Pg      Portuguese
Rom     Romanian
Rus     Russian
SC      Serbo-Croatian
Ser     Serbian
Sk      Slovak
Skt     Sanskrit
Sl      Slavic
Sn      Slovene
Span    Spanish
SSl     South Slavic
Tur     Turkish
Ukr     Ukrainian
US      Upper Sorbian
WSl     West Slavic